| Form | Swedish | English pattern |
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | att hoppas | to … |
| Present | hoppas | I …, he …s |
| Past (preteritum) | hoppades | I …ed |
| Supine (perfect) | har hoppats | have …ed |
| Past perfect | hade hoppats | had …ed |
| Future | ska hoppas / kommer att hoppas | will … |
Swedish verbs do not change for person: jag hoppas, du hoppas, hon hoppas, vi hoppas, de hoppas. Learn one form per tense and you can use it with everyone.
How hoppas conjugates
Deponent verbs end in -s in every form but have an active meaning: hoppas means "to hope", not "to be hoped". The present usually equals the infinitive (hoppas) or drops the -a- (minns, finns). They have no imperative and no passive. hoppas: hoppas, hoppades, hoppats.
Meanings and examples
Patterns: ngn = någon (someone) · ngt = något (something) · SATS = a clause · VERB = a verb · PLATS = a place · RIKTNING = a direction · TID = a time · SÄTT = a manner · ADJ = an adjective